Today’s deal is part of the week’s theme of the defenders maximizing their trump tricks. South had reached a respectable suit game when he converted three no-trump to four spades; his decision was sensible because if North didn’t have the spade ace, the South hand might have been worthless in no-trump.

West kicked off with a diamond, taken by dummy’s ace. Declarer naturally began to draw trumps, starting with 10. East knew that West would have led his lowest from three small in his partner’s suit. So the best chance for another trick seemed to lie in trumps. He played small on the first spade, and declarer, unwilling to overtake the 10, left the lead on the table.

When declarer called for a club, East could see he had little chance of a second club trick, since his ace was about to fall. To keep the defense a step ahead, he rose with the ace, then took the diamond king, followed by another diamond. His plan was to promote a trump trick for his side when his partner had as little as the spade eight.

Declarer ruffed the third diamond high and led the spade jack, but when East took the ace and played another diamond, the jig was up. The defense had to take another trick for one down, in a maneuver that represented a double trump promotion.

Note that if declarer had guessed to play the diamond queen on the first trick, the only way to set the game would have been to win with the king … and return a diamond.

Today’s deal to continue our week’s theme of trump promotions comes from “On the Other Hand — A Bridge From East to West” by Martin Hoffman and Kathie Wei-Sender.

South, who had put himself in four hearts instead of letting his partner play three no-trump, won the opening diamond lead with the king, then cashed the spade queen. He then led the club two, and West took his ace, fearing the two was a singleton. West returned his remaining diamond, and South won with dummy’s ace, then threw his remaining diamonds on the spade ace-king.

The question now was whether the defenders could score three trump tricks. They did not, because South led dummy’s heart to his own queen, and East won the next heart lead with the 10. On East’s diamond lead, South thoughtfully ruffed with the heart king. Then he led a heart and cashed the remaining trumps to make the game.

Nicely played, but the defense would have prevailed if West had won the second trump trick with the jack. He could then lead a spade, allowing East to ruff with the heart ace. Then a diamond lead would promote West’s remaining heart as the setting trick.

Does that mean West was at fault here? Yes and no. East could have made the defense easier by playing the heart 10 on the nine. Then West would have been forced to win the second trump trick, and now the trump promotion would be much easier to find.

Today, we see an expert following a textbook play. Alas for him, he had failed to realize that it is sometimes necessary to set aside the manuals when other issues demand it. Fortunately for our hero, the defense were also on autopilot, not using their imagination sufficiently to generate extra trump tricks for themselves, which is the theme of this week’s deals.

Four hearts was the normal contract on this board, and Zia Mahmood and Norberto Bocchi reached it straightforwardly. When West led the diamond king, which went to the six, three, and seven (a routine falsecard from Zia). West now understandably, but perhaps a trifle unimaginatively, continued with a second diamond, which Zia won and crossed to hand twice in clubs to take two finesses in hearts, making the routine 10 tricks for an above-average score.

Unremarkable, you may say. Yes, but Zia had given the defense a chance when he ducked the first diamond, a play that was unlikely to gain him anything.

Similarly, West might have reasoned that if declarer had two diamonds, continuing the suit would achieve nothing, while even if he had three diamonds, there could be no entries back to the West hand to reach the defense’s second trick in that suit. If West had shifted to a spade at trick two, the defense could lead that suit at every opportunity to arrange a trump promotion for the heart queen that Zia would be unable to stop.

All this week’s deals share a theme of the defenders utilizing their trumps to unusually good effect. Two of the maneuvers available to the defense in trumps are the ruff and the uppercut. Logic argues that if one defender takes ruffs, his partner will be the one to obtain the promotions, but today’s deal shows East-West scoring well on defense with the defender who had taken the ruff also being the one who ended up with the promoted trump.

At just about every table, South in third seat opened a leaddirecting one spade on his four-card major. West risked a twoheart overcall, and North ended the auction with a two-spade call. I’m sure North was probably happy when he put down his dummy, but that didn’t last long.

After a diamond lead to the 10 and queen, East cashed his ace and gave West a ruff. Now came the heart ace and a heart to dummy’s king, after which declarer ran the club jack to West’s king. That player cashed the heart queen, then led another heart. Dummy ruffed with the six, and East over-ruffed with the 10, forcing declarer’s jack.

South next cashed the club ace and ruffed the queen in dummy, then led dummy’s last trump to the queen and West’s ace. When West led his last heart at trick 12, East ruffed in with the eight, forcing the over-ruff. The spade nine represented the third undertrick for plus 300 and a 90% board.

Two down would have been virtually an average board; maybe there is a message for all those third-in-hand openers!

After South doubles two hearts, then bids spades to show a good hand, North uses Keycard Blackwood, then asks for the trump queen (finding it and the club king).

In six spades, South takes the heart king lead in dummy and, protecting against an adverse trump split, begins to elope with his small trumps. A heart ruff is followed by the three top spades, West showing out on the second round. Declarer, pleased to have made good use of his heart entry, leads a diamond to the king and ruffs another heart. East should not have more than three hearts after West’s vulnerable weak two, coupled with the odd count signal at trick one. On this assumption, declarer has a lock for his contract.

He cashes the diamond ace; if West discards, East will be marked with a 4=3=5=1 pattern, and declarer will cash the club king, then take a club finesse to avoid setting up East’s long diamond. As it is, though, everyone follows to the diamond.

Accordingly, declarer continues with the diamond queen, putting East in an impossible position. If he ruffs with his master trump, he will be forced to lead into dummy’s club tenace. East can discard a club, which would suffice if declarer had begun with only three diamonds. But today this only delays the inevitable. On the next diamond, East is faced with a similar dilemma. Either he ruffs and leads a club, or he discards again and lets declarer collect two club tricks for his contract.

The modern style is to open a no-trump on in-range (and occasionally out-of-range!) hands when balanced or semi-balanced. So, hands may qualify that contain a five-card major, a six-card minor or even a 5-4-2-2 pattern with an awkward rebid or with its values concentrated in the short suits. The most inconvenient hands are those with a five-card minor and a higher suit, though hands with four spades are rarely a problem.

South was a purist, though, and opened one heart. When West pre-empted in spades, North cue-bid three spades to show at least a high-card raise to game. South cue-bid four clubs, letting North drive to slam via the obligatory use of Key-card Blackwood. Plan the play now.

Declarer takes the club queen lead in hand and, after drawing trumps in three rounds, eliminates the minors in preparation for an endplay. He can surely see that West has six spades headed by the king for his weak jump overcall — can you see the winning line?

South cashes the club king, ruffs a club and plays three rounds of diamonds. He then plays a low spade from both hands. If East is allowed to win, he must give declarer a ruff-and-discard, while if West wins, he has an equally unattractive option of leading around to declarer’s spade queen. Either way, the second spade loser vanishes.

Note that cashing the spade ace first, or leading a spade to the queen, would allow West to win and safely return a spade.

On today’s hand, an unorthodox (many would use a stronger term, with five cards in the other major) weak jump overcall from West propelled North-South into a dicey five clubs, not that the no-trump game would have fared any better. North started with a negative double, then tried to right-side three no-trump. South showed his extras and fifth club with a jump to game, but North had nothing more to say.

Declarer won the spade lead in dummy and drew trumps in three rounds, ending on the table. A heart followed, East swooping in with the ace to cash the spade jack before returning a passive heart.

South now decided not to play for a red-suit squeeze on East. Given that West apparently had six spades and one club, he therefore had to hold a fourth heart or three diamonds.

Instead, declarer discarded diamonds on the heart queen-jack and, when everyone followed, East was marked with diamond length. West must hold either the queen-jack doubleton or a singleton honor for the game to stand a chance, but which?

Aiming to get a count on the hand, declarer ruffed dummy’s last heart. When East showed out, declarer now needed to find West with a singleton diamond honor. When it appeared on the diamond ace, he tabled his cards, taking the marked diamond finesse.

A neat discovery play — while a singleton honor is more likely than the doubleton queen-jack, why guess when you can be sure of the answer?

Defense may be the hardest part of the game, since partner’s hand is concealed, but sometimes logic will help you out. Declarer wins the opening diamond lead in hand with the king. He next plays a club to dummy’s queen and East’s ace. What should East do now?

At the table, East returned a heart. Declarer won with the ace and ran all his trumps. His last five cards were four spades and a diamond, while dummy kept three spades and ace doubleton in diamonds. East wanted to keep four spades and two diamonds, but had to discard from one suit or the other, and either would be fatal.

Could East have done better? Yes, he had a chance to break up the squeeze by playing a second diamond when in with the club ace. West might have started with a singleton diamond, in which case the contract would have been beaten immediately. Furthermore, even if West had a doubleton diamond, although declarer could win a cheap trick with dummy’s 10, he would not be able to cash the ace without letting West obtain a ruff. His best play would be for spades to break, and when that did not happen, he would be one down.

Note that declarer could have succeeded anyway by starting with a high trump from hand at trick two. East wins (it does not help to duck) and must play a diamond. But now declarer can guess to draw West’s last trump with the club queen and cash dummy’s diamond ace, discarding his spade loser.

There are, on occasion, good reasons for not telling the truth with your initial signal. For example, sometimes you should tell partner you like his opening lead, even when you are not wild about it. The best reason for doing so is that there may be no better lead available to him; let us look at where we want to deter partner from making the “obvious” switch.

On the auction shown, put yourself in the East seat, and consider how you want to signal when partner leads the spade king. Your systematic play would be to discourage by playing your lowest spade, here the two, but think before you play. Do you really want partner to attack diamonds, which is his most probable switch if you discourage spades? After all, your partner does not know that the clubs will not prove a fertile source of discards for declarer. If the layout is like the one shown, you will certainly be better off encouraging a spade continuation. (Partner needs to cash that second spade winner while he can, before declarer pitches his spade loser on the clubs.)

When West leads three rounds of spades, declarer pitches one diamond loser, then can discard another diamond on the second of the top clubs. But he is left with three diamonds in each hand and no way to avoid losing two diamond tricks in the fullness of time, no matter what he does.