At the 1998 Summer Nationals in Chicago, a hand arose demonstrating the truism that circumstances alter cases. The play of a hand can sometimes follow dramatically different lines, depending on whether there has been any opposition bidding.

You would want to reach six clubs here, in the absence of any opposition bidding. How you get there is a lottery, however; South’s jump to five clubs was as good a shot as anything else, and North felt he had more than enough to raise.

It looks normal enough to ruff a couple of spades in dummy, hoping that the black suits will behave. However, West’s opening bid here makes that line impractical. You have to find a different plan of attack on the lead of the diamond 10.

Strangely enough, the bad spade break is good news, if you think about it from the correct angle. It appears from the lead that West has short diamonds, and that therefore both of the other suits are likely to behave for you.

You must take care at trick one to duck the diamond lead and ruff in hand. Then play the spade ace and trump a spade high, stripping East of all his spades. Now you draw all the trumps and lead the heart king, then finesse in hearts. When East wins, he has only red-suit cards left and must return the lead to dummy, allowing you to discard all your spade losers on dummy’s heart and diamond winners.

Today’s deals comes from the Chicago Nationals nearly 20 years ago. You play four hearts on the lead of the diamond queen and a diamond continuation to the 10 and ace.

East continues with the diamond nine, which you guess to ruff with the 10, and to your relief, it holds. Now you draw three rounds of trumps ending in dummy, East showing the doubleton. You ruff out the diamond, cross to a top club and cash the 13th diamond.

In the four-card ending, dummy has the spade queen and ace-king-third of clubs; what four cards do you have in hand?

Before you decide the answer to that question, it is time to work out the full count on the hand. East has shown three spades by his support double, together with two hearts, and thus is 4-4 in the minors. You have missed your chance to make your game if you did not cross to dummy by leading the club nine or eight at the previous trick. So your last four cards should be a high and low club and the jack-10 of spades.

If you remembered to do so, you can unblock your second club spot from hand, under dummy’s second club winner, hoping that the club jack or club 10 falls on your left, as it does. You can be confident that East has already been squeezed down to the bare spade ace or king, and you can now endplay him with it to lead clubs into dummy’s tenace.

In today’s deal from the Wildwoods Club, each of the Three Bears tried, but only one succeeded, in bringing home a contract of three no-trump. When they came home, Goldilocks got to hear the full story from each of them.

On the lead of the spade jack, all the Souths ducked in dummy. Each East took their king and returned a spade, won by South, but now the play diverged.

Papa Bear opted for simplicity when he played the ace and another club. When the suit failed to break, he cleared the clubs, but he did not have nine winners before the defenders could get in with their red aces and cash the spades.

Mama Bear saw a little more into the hand when she tested clubs. When they didn’t break, she tried diamonds, leading the king from dummy. West correctly ducked the king, then won the queen and thoughtfully shifted to the heart jack, which was ducked around to declarer. Declarer was now locked in hand and had to lose two hearts, two diamonds and a spade.

Baby Bear combined his chances effectively. He led a diamond to dummy at trick three, then a club to hand and a second diamond, unblocking dummy’s honor under the ace. West cleared spades, and only now did declarer test clubs. When they failed to behave, he led a heart to his hand and played his diamond winner. Then he endplayed East with a diamond to give him a second heart trick. That was declarer’s ninth winner.

In this deal from my local club game, North was contemplating opening two clubs when he was irritated to hear West (playing with one of the less simpatico members of the club) open three diamonds in front of him.

That didn’t leave him much else to do but double and hope that partner did not insist on playing hearts. The worst happened when South bid and rebid hearts, and North had no option but to pass and pray.

West led out his two top diamonds and continued with the suit at trick three. Prospects were not good for declarer at this point, but ruffing low or discarding looked hopeless, so he ruffed the third heart with dummy’s queen and was over-ruffed with the king.

Suddenly South sensed light at the end of the tunnel. He won the club return in dummy and finessed the heart 10 successfully. When the remaining trumps fell under the ace, he was safely home.

North would not normally have done more than congratulate his partner, but given his opponents, he saw the opportunity to insert the needle, by remarking how unusual it was to have 28 HCP and no game makeable. When East remarked acerbically that South had made game, North smiled and said that just because game had made did not mean it should have. Do you see why?

If East discards on the heart queen and splits his honors on the first round of trumps, he ensures two trump tricks for his side and defeats the contract.

All finesses are equal — in that, in the absence of information to the contrary, they all have a theoretical 50 percent chance of success — but some are more equal than others.

Consider today’s deal, where there are five possible losers and four possible finesses to take in four hearts. But taking those finesses in the right order is the key to eliminating two of them.

West led the diamond queen, and South played low from dummy. He covered the continuation of the diamond jack, since the chance that East had the doubleton diamond ace was very small, whereas West might easily have found the shift to a club if left on lead — indeed, he could have done so at trick two. South ruffed the third diamond, drew trumps, then fell at the final hurdle when he finessed the club 10, losing to the jack. The queen held on the spade return, but when the second club finesse failed, the game was down.

After drawing trumps, ending in dummy, the unavoidable spade finesse should come next. When this wins, South is in business; he does not need either club finesse to succeed because he can arrange a strip and endplay. South takes the spade ace and enters dummy in trumps, and North’s last spade is ruffed in hand, reducing the North and South hands down to just clubs and trumps. Now a club to the 10 fixes East, who can win cheaply but must then either return a club into dummy’s tenace, or concede a ruff-and-discard.

Today’s deal comes from an international match between the women of Australia and Chinese Taipei. Both tables played six spades here.

The Chinese Taipei declarer received a heart lead and decided to protect against 3-0 trumps in either hand. She won the heart lead in dummy and led a low trump from the board, covering the jack with the ace and playing a second trump. When the defense exited passively in diamonds, South eventually fell back on the club finesse and doubtless considered herself a trifle unlucky when it lost.

That was not a bad line, but in the other room Cathy Mill correctly decided that her endplay chances were better if she played trumps from the top, and that the combination of 3-0 trumps on her right with the club finesse onside was too small to worry about.

Mill won the heart ace, cashed the spade ace and diamond ace, then crossed to table with a heart and threw two clubs on the diamond king-queen. Next she ruffed a heart to eliminate both red suits, and only then did she play a second spade to endplay West.

That player could either lead a club into the tenace or concede the ruff-sluff and let declarer pitch her last club from hand as she ruffed in dummy.

For the statistically minded, the chance that East has all the spades and the club king comes in at about 1 in 20, while the chance that West has the doubleton spade king and the club king is approximately 1 in 5.

In today’s deal, North could open three diamonds, but a 7-2-2-2 pattern is not ideal at this vulnerability. Having passed, he has just enough to risk responding three diamonds in competition. A fit for diamonds in the South hand will make the North hand worth six or seven tricks, and North does have some tolerance for hearts.

Thereafter, South has enough values and spade stoppers to be able to try three no-trump with some confidence there will be a play for game.

After a top spade lead, it looks logical for South to win and go after the diamonds. Ducking the first spade trick may not cost, but it has no clear upside, either. So at trick two, South leads the diamond queen, with the intention of letting it ride for a finesse. When West puts up the diamond king, South must resist the temptation to win with dummy’s ace, since he can afford to give up one diamond in order to safeguard the game contract. Giving up the first diamond to West guarantees the rest of the suit against any possible break.

South can regain the lead, whichever black suit the opponents play, then lead a diamond and run the suit. But note that if dummy won the first diamond, East would later win a trick with the diamond 10. And the diamond suit would now be dead since there is no entry to dummy.

The general rule is that where there is no side entry to a long suit, declarer may be better off giving up the lead in that suit early to retain communication.

This deal comes from the fertile pen of Steve Bloom, who showed me a deal where he had missed a subtle point in the ending by being too thrifty with his resources.

Declaring two spades after having blown your opponents out of the auction, you get a top club lead and continuation as East echoes. (Yes, a trump shift was necessary by West.) You ruff the second top club, play a diamond to the king and duck a diamond to East’s ace.

Back comes a heart, and you win with the queen as West encourages. Now you play a third diamond to West’s queen, East pitching a club, and West leads a second heart to East’s ace.

You win the third round of hearts in hand as West follows with the jack. Next, you ruff the club jack in dummy as West produces the queen, persuading you that East has the spade king, otherwise West would have acted over your no-trump opener.

When you lead dummy’s diamond, you are ready to over-ruff East and play the ace and another spade; but what if East discards his last club? You must ruff your winner anyway, and then you can lead your fourth club. West will follow, and East will be endplayed to lead away from the spade king when he over-ruffs dummy.

So why must you ruff your winner? If you do not, pitching your club on the diamond jack, you will have to guess whether to lead a spade to your seven or to the 10 in the three-card ending.