An avoidance play relates to a position where it is important to keep one particular opponent off lead — because they have winners to cash, or can make a killing shift, while the other hand poses no such threat.

Here you play three no-trump rather than four hearts, when North sensibly eschews the 5-3 heart fit. On the lead of the club three, East plays the jack, and you duck. Now East plays a second club; should you win or duck again?

It is best to win; now to find a ninth trick you must set up hearts without letting West in; which means you need the king to be onside. If East has three hearts you can afford to finesse, then play ace and another heart. But what if he has the doubleton king? Then West would win the third heart.

To cater to both chances, cross to dummy and lead a low heart. If East plays the king, duck; if he plays low, finesse, then go back to dummy to repeat the exercise. If he plays low, rise with the ace; if he plays the king, you duck.

Do you see a counter to declarer’s play if he ducks the second club? On the third club East should dramatically discard the heart king. That way, declarer cannot establish hearts without letting West in.

This is why South should win the second club before embarking on the avoidance play. If East turns up with a third club, the suit is splitting 4-3 and the defense cannot take more than three club tricks.

20 years ago this charming deal cropped up in the Cavendish Teams. I have not seen a position since then, with three such different possibilities from the diamond suit.

You declare six spades, and receive the lead of a top heart. You win the ace, ruff a heart, draw trump in three rounds, and now have to tackle the diamonds.

When you lead a diamond towards the dummy you plan to insert the queen if West follows. If it holds, you have a sure-trick line available: you cross back to hand, to lead a diamond to dummy’s nine.

So what happens if West follows to the first diamond, and the queen loses to the king? Then you regain the lead and play off three rounds of clubs, ruffing the third in hand, and run the trumps to squeeze East in the minors should the diamonds do not split.

The actual lie of the cards is more interesting. When West shows out, East is marked with eight cards in spades and diamonds. You cannot make the contract if he has three hearts so you should play West to guard the fourth round of clubs.

The winning line is elegant: win the diamond ace, play off three rounds of clubs, and ruff in hand, then run the trumps to reduce to a three-card ending, after two rounds of hearts, three clubs and five rounds of spades.

In this position North, East and South will all have three diamonds left. Now a diamond to the queen forces East to win, and lead up to the diamond nine.

This month I have been running deals from Larry Cohen’s recent book: “Larry Cohen Teaches Declarer Play at Notrump”. So let me run a deal which shows him as the hero, in a no-trump contract.

In the 2000 world championships, Larry as South played one no-trump on the lead of the heart 10 to East’s ace. At trick two, the heart queen was returned. How should South play?

Larry counted five sure tricks, and could develop two more from either minor. However, whichever suit he worked on, declarer would have to knock out both the ace and king. So what is the potential problem?

Every suit is at least double-stopped, but the defense is threatening to take seven tricks (the minor suit ace-kings and three heart tricks) before declarer can come to his seven. Look what would happen if South won the heart king at trick two and went to work on one of the minors. Whichever minor he tackled, West could win and play a third round of hearts, establishing his suit. He would still have an entry, and declarer would lose the race.

Once you identify the problem, the solution is not hard. You must allow East to win his heart queen at trick two. In the unlikely event that he produces a third heart, the suit will be four-three and there is nothing to worry about.

Equally, even if East shifts to spades, declarer has plenty of time to set up his seven tricks by playing on one minor or the other.

South does not have quite enough to invite game with a jump to two spades, but when North raises, showing significant extra values, South can go on to four spades.

If you just looked at the North and South cards here, you would think that four spades ought to present no problems. However, let’s look at the auction, before giving in to premature euphoria. West has opened one heart and when he leads the king, his partner follows with the 10. Using regular signals, that suggests East possesses at most a doubleton. Accordingly, when the defenders play three rounds of hearts declarer is in grave danger of running into an over-ruff. And it will not be sufficient simply to ruff high on this trick. That is merely the start of the delicate path declarer must tread.

At trick three South must ruff high in dummy with the spade queen. After that he needs to play West for the doubleton spade ace. So he leads a club to the queen, followed by a spade up.

In this position what is West to do? One possibility is for him to play the ace of spades and play a fourth heart – a defense that would be successful if East began with the doubleton spade jack, though not today. But it does West no better to duck. If he does, the spade king scores, after which declarer must duck a trump. When the spade ace pops up, the defenders can no longer promote a trump trick for themselves.

When North makes a simple spade raise, South cannot tell if game will have good play, but he must bid it anyway. You are favorite to make four spades facing a maximum or the right minimum – or if the defenders don’t find the best lead. It pays to be aggressive here, giving away as little as possible in the process.

However, the combination of the duplication of shape and wasted values in dummy means South has his work cut out today to bring home the game. On balance, it looks right to duck the first diamond to disrupt the opponents’ communication. But South must win the next diamond, and then does best to lead a trump to dummy.

South’s cunning plan is to lead a low heart from dummy at the fourth trick, trying to build a heart trick for an eventual club discard. This can be done if East has both top hearts; or if the top hearts are split, so long as it is West who wins the first trick in that suit.

If South led the first heart from his own hand, West would allow East to win the first heart. The effect of leading the first heart from the dummy, instead of from hand, is to persuade East to play low. Indeed, only an idiot or a genius will rise with the king here, won’t they?

When his ruse succeeds, declarer will eventually be able to lead the heart queen through East and ruff out the heart king. This establishes a home for the slow club loser, and the game comes home.

South’s rebid of two no-trump shows a balanced 22 to 24 points. North has almost enough to consider the possibility of slam. But what should he bid now?

Of course, if North’s long suit were a major, he would transfer into it, en route to three no-trump. That option does not really exist when your long suit is a minor, though. Some people use three spades as Minor Suit Stayman, but exploring for slam in a minor suit would risk going past three no-trump. With no singleton, North has no reason to bypass no-trumps, that being his side’s most likely game.

When dummy comes down in three no-trump after East’s heart lead, South can see he needs four tricks in diamonds to ensure his contract. A fifth diamond trick would be welcome, but since the value of the game far exceeds the overtrick, South cannot afford to jeopardize his contract in search of an extra 30 points.

At matchpoint pairs it would be perfectly reasonable to play diamonds from the top; after all, the chance of a 3-2 break is better than two in three. But if South takes the diamond ace then wins the second diamond in dummy, he can take only three tricks in the suit and three no-trump will go down.

At teams or rubber, South should duck the second round of diamonds – even if West deviously drops the jack at his second turn! This duck protects declarer against the four-one break, a precaution that is necessary today to bring home the contract.

Ian McCance’s “The Setting Trick”, published by Master Point Press, offers a range of problems. You will be able to pat yourself on the back for solving any of the problems in the book. If you fail the challenge, you will be even keener to redeem yourself on the next.

Today’s deal comes from the book, but I have edited a couple of spots to make the point a little sharper.

Against three hearts, West led the club four and South’s king fell under East’s ace. East could see that attacking declarer’s trump holding might well pay dividends so long as South had started with just five trumps. East therefore returned a club at trick two, which South ruffed, as West unblocked the club 10 on this trick to ease the defenders’ communications in clubs.

At this point declarer led a diamond to dummy’s king. He continued with the heart 10 – and the critical moment of the deal had been reached. Danish International Jens Auken described this sort of moment as the kill point.

When West ducked the heart 10 smoothly, it gave the impression that East had the ace and queen, or at the very least the trump queen. Falling for the bait, declarer repeated the heart finesse. Now West emerged from the bushes, winning this trick, then cashing his master heart. Having denuded dummy of hearts, West took out South’s last trump by playing a third round of clubs. The defenders still held the spade ace as their entry to allow them to run the clubs on defense.

Today’s deal comes from the 2017 match between England and Ireland in the UK home internationals series. Tony Forrester found a highly imaginative defense here, to defeat a cold game.

In one room the English pair had stayed out of game, and had played three spades. So the Irish looked likely to pick up a sizeable swing when they bid to the delicate four heart contract.

Forrester kicked off with the spade king, and when it held he shifted to the diamond queen, in case declarer held the singleton jack. Declarer, John Carroll played a trump now. When his king won, he ruffed his losing diamond in hand and played a second trump to the ace.

Now Forrester’s partner David Bakhshi won, and returned a diamond. Carroll took this, and drew the last trump, then had to decide which black suit to develop. Since Bakhshi had suggested an even number of spades at the first trick, it looked as if spades were 4-2. So Carroll discarded two spades from his hand, and played a club to the ace. So far so good, but when Tony Forrester dropped the club king under the ace it led declarer up the garden path.

Carroll took this card at face value, and played Bakhshi to have started with precisely 3=3=3=4 shape. He cashed the spade ace, ruffed a spade in dummy, and in the three-card ending exited with a club from dummy, attempting to endplay East in clubs. However, when Bakhshi won the club he could lead a diamond, and let Forrester win the last two tricks.