Against four hearts, West leads the spade king. How do you propose to make 10 tricks?

At the table after ruffing the opening spade lead, South played both top trumps at once. Then he crossed to table with the diamond ace to ruff another spade. Next, he played on diamonds, discarding a spade from dummy on the third round of the suit. Alas, East ruffed in, then cashed the queen of trump before playing his last spade. West overtook this with the spade queen and played a fourth round of the suit. Declarer ruffed and could generate an endplay in clubs for down one, but that was hardly a triumph.

The way to avoid this unpleasant outcome was to cash just one high trump from hand before playing on diamonds. After East ruffs the third diamond and presses on with a spade, declarer can ruff and play a fourth round of diamonds, discarding dummy’s last spade. East can do no better than ruff and play a third spade. This is ruffed in dummy and the last trump is drawn with declarer’s king. A low club is discarded from dummy on the last diamond, and declarer has 10 tricks: the trump ace-king, four small trumps – taken separately — three diamonds, and the club ace.

After both opponents follow to the first round of trump, all this plan does is to give the defenders the chance to make up to two trump tricks in addition to one club. So it will also succeed against almost all 3-2 trump breaks as well.

Today’s deal shows that one should never give up on defense. Even when your chances are slim, half the battle is identifying what you need to defeat a contract. Whether or not partner comes through for you is another matter, but if you don’t try, you won’t succeed.

Imagine that as West you are defending four hearts and lead your singleton spade. Prospects for the game look fairly terrible for North-South, but the 7-1 spade split makes the game hard to defeat.

The spade queen is covered by the king and ace, and declarer plays a heart to the ace and a diamond to the queen and your ace. Now you should realize the danger of dummy’s diamond suit and know that the defense has to cash one spade trick or two club tricks to prevail. How can you get partner in for the killing play?

The only realistic hope of beating the game (except for East’s holding an unlikely doubleton heart queen) is that he comes through for you with the club ace. But you have a slight additional chance: maybe if he holds both the club queen and eight he can be put on play to win a club trick?

To make sure he doesn’t misdefend, lead a low club, which will go to his queen and declarer’s ace. Declarer next plays a diamond to the king and a third diamond. East can’t ruff in, so he pitches a spade and you win your diamond 10. Now you triumphantly lead a club to his eight, to let him cash the spade jack for down one.

In today’s auction, when South bids clubs then shows spades, North can bid two diamonds, the fourth suit setting up a game force. South’s non-committal call of two notrump is the least lie, suggesting a minimum balanced hand with a diamond stopper – not far from the truth, though a raise to three diamonds might also show this hand.

When North sets spades as trump South contents himself with a simple raise to game to conclude the auction, and West’s trump lead is best for the defense.

South can try to establish one trick in hearts, one in diamonds, and two in clubs. He therefore needs six trump tricks to make the contract. South can make six trump tricks by ruffing twice in the dummy and making his own four trumps, or by ruffing twice in his own hand and then making dummy’s four trump. Either method will work, provided only that South doesn’t draw more than two rounds of trump in total.

South must cash his winning cards in the side suits first, and he also needs to set up a heart trick as part of the plan. Hence, he wins the first trump in his own hand and leads a heart at once.

West wins with the heart ace and leads a second trump. South must not draw any more trump or allow the enemy to draw more trump. So he cashes his top heart, then his minor-suit aces and kings. Now he can ruff diamonds in the dummy and hearts in his own hand to bring in the required total of 10 tricks.

Bridge players learn early that in order to run their long suits they should unblock their suits by cashing the high cards in the short hand first. However, every rule has its exception, and each hand should be treated on its own merits; consider today’s deal, for example.

North-South might appear to belong in seven hearts, but the opponents’ violent preemption tipped South off to potentially bad breaks on the horizon. He offered a choice of slams at the six-level, and North sensibly settled for hearts.

When West led the spade king, declarer rose with dummy’s ace then cashed the ace and queen of trump. If hearts had broken 3-2, there would have been no problem in coming to 13 tricks, so long as diamonds broke no worse than 4-2. But now even the small slam was in trouble, because entries to dummy were so limited. After cashing the diamond ace and jack, South used his last entry, the club ace, to play the diamond king. When East ruffed in with the nine, the slam was dead, for declarer could no longer reach dummy and he had an inevitable club loser.

The route home is instead to cash the heart ace and king at tricks two and three, leaving the queen in dummy as a late entry. Then comes the diamond ace and jack. Now a heart to the queen is followed by the diamond king for a spade discard. This way the club ace still remains in place, as the entry to the rest of the diamonds for club discards.

When Zia Mahmood was relatively unknown, he honed his craft at rubber bridge and built up a reputation for originality at Stefan’s Bridge Circle in London. He has gone on to become a bridge icon, and is now universally known just as “Zia”. There are very few people in the bridge world known by a single name – perhaps an indication of his place in the pantheon of bridge.

Here is an example of his ability to pull the wool over his opponents’ eyes; why does it always seem to work for him and never for me?

He was partnering Jan Jansma of the Netherlands in the Open Pairs at the 2013 European Open Championships in Ostend, and they were disputing the lead in the final with Sabine Auken and Roy Welland; they were finally overtaken on the last few boards.

Against three hearts, West led the spade ace, under which Zia, knowing a ruff was in the offing, unhesitatingly dropped the king. This play might have cost him a trick, but seeing the jack in dummy, and believing Zia, West switched to a diamond. Zia ducked in dummy, and when East took his ace, Zia could win the diamond return with the king. That let him dispose of his losing spades on dummy’s clubs.

It was time to broach trump now. Zia played the jack from dummy and saw East’s 10. Now Zia couldn’t conceive of a player holding Q-10 and not covering. So he rose with the king, dropping the singleton queen. 10 tricks made!

Today’s deal will ask you to plan the defense to three hearts as East, after West has led the spade jack, on the auction shown.

When the deal came up in a team game, both Souths reached the delicate contract of three hearts, after a spade lead. One pair was successful on defense, one pair failed, though in the second case it was not really clear whether the defenders had done anything terribly wrong.

Both Easts came to the conclusion that the fact that their partner had led the spade jack and not a top club or diamond virtually guaranteed that declarer had to have the heart ace, a high diamond honor, and at least a decent club holding. Eventually, therefore, declarer would, if left to his own devices, come to six hearts, one club and two diamonds. So they worked out that they had to shift to a club at once.

At one table East won the spade ace and switched to the club 10, ducked round to dummy’s ace. However, when West won the first diamond, he decided to play his partner for the club king rather than the spade queen, and a club switch let claim his contract. At the second table, East found the way to put his partner on the right track by winning the spade queen at trick one and shifting to the club 10. Now West knew to play back a spade when he won the diamond queen. A second club through declarer left declarer without resource.

In this deal from a daily bulletin a decade ago the comment about the play was that at one table “Four hearts was the normal contract and declarer brought home an easy overtrick.”

It seemed to me that the defenders should have managed their three top tricks, even if finding a way to the setting trick was beyond them. Of course, at the featured table a trump was led and it was indeed easy to make 11 tricks.

However, suppose West leads an unspectacular spade five, and wins the next spade to switch to a trump. Declarer will win, unblock the club ace, draw a second trump, cross to dummy with a trump and cash his top clubs.

Suppose declarer now ruffs his last club high, reducing everyone to four cards. To keep his three diamonds and his trump, the best West can do is discard his spade. Declarer now has a complete count of the hand, knowing West has a 3-4-3-3 shape, and must decide who holds the diamond jack.

If it is East, finessing for that card is straightforward. But there is a way to succeed if West holds that card: declarer draws the last trump and leads the diamond king from hand. West must win and play another diamond, which declarer can run around to his 10. Contract made!

In order to defeat four hearts legitimately, East must arrange to be on lead after the second spade (either by winning the queen at trick one then cashing the ace, or playing the ace then queen). He can then switch to a diamond.

Goldilocks had the afternoon off from the local duplicate bridge club, so she was taking a quiet nap, when she heard the normal buzz of conversation that always accompanied the three bears return from their game.

When she asked if there were any deals that had led to more than the usual degree of dissension, Papa Bear shoved the hand record under Goldilocks’ nose, covering up all the cards except those of North and East.

On the auction shown, Papa Bear sat East. He encouraged on the opening lead of the heart king, but the play did not take long after this. South ruffed the second heart, drew trump, and claimed the balance. “I suppose a passive defense could have been right.” Said Goldilocks tactfully but inwardly she was unpersuaded.

Mama Bear butted in to say: “I overtook the heart king at trick one and shifted to a club. Declarer guessed well to duck and we held him to ten tricks.”

Before Goldilocks could enquire whether this had turned out to be a good score or a bad one for Mama Bear, Baby Bear, who had been bouncing up and down in his chair interrupted excitedly.

“I also overtook the heart king at trick one, but I shifted to the club queen at the second trick. Now whether declarer covered or ducked the trick, we had three club winners to cash, and the game had to go down.”

“Nicely done” said Goldilocks, realizing that if Baby Bear continued improving at this rate, he would soon be unbearable.

In a good contract it is often sensible to work out what is the worst that can happen to you, then take steps to deal with that situation, should it arise.

Against three no-trump West led the club queen, and declarer thought that the best chance of making his game lay in the diamond suit, where he had a nine-card fit.

So he captured the club queen with the ace and continued with a diamond, inserting the eight from dummy. East won with the king then returned a club. Declarer ducked, won the club continuation and led another diamond. When West showed out, South played dummy’s ace then exited with another diamond. East won, and played a heart. With West having the ace, South finished with just seven tricks.

Admittedly the worst that could happen did happen, in that the diamond honors were all offside, clubs broke 5-3, and the long club hand held the heart ace. But how should South have saved the day?

The answer is that he needed to test spades first. If that suit broke 3-3, then there would have been no need to rely on the diamond suit at all. Declarer then knocks out the heart ace, and his game comes home. That is courtesy of four spades tricks, the diamond ace, and two tricks in each of hearts and clubs.

Had spades not split, declarer could have reverted to attacking diamonds, with the tempo on his side if the suit breaks. If neither suit splits, he has no realistic chance to succeed, whatever he does.