In today's deal from a recent knockout match, there were instructive points for both declarer and the defenders.

In both rooms West led his singleton heart against four spades. In one room declarer won and played the king and ace of spades. When East showed out, declarer started cashing hearts, but when West ruffed and exited with a trump, declarer had nine tricks and no more.

In the other room, when East’s 10 appeared on the first round of trump, South could foresee that both major suits were likely to break badly. So, at trick three, he played a diamond, ducking East’s nine. East gave his partner a heart ruff, but that only worked to declarer’s advantage. If West now played a trump, declarer had 10 tricks, so he did the best he could by playing a diamond, but declarer discarded from dummy and made the rest of the tricks.

East should have worked out to continue with a second diamond rather than switch to a heart. If he does, all declarer can do is ruff in dummy and play a heart, but West trumps and plays the diamond ace. Again, declarer has only nine tricks. So can you see where both declarers went wrong?

After the heart lead, declarer simply needs to play four rounds of trump, giving West his trump trick. What can West do? A diamond is fatal, so he must play a club, covered by the jack, king and ace. Declarer simply plays a second club to establish his 10th trick in that suit.

Nobody likes to do the wrong thing at the bridge table, but West was curiously pleased with his activities in this deal. As he subsequently explained, he knew he wasn't ever going to achieve perfection, so he thought it was a good idea to fit as many mistakes as possible into one single deal, to improve his chances of performing competently on the rest.

The auction gave West his first problem. East had competed with a double of two hearts (an unusual two-no-trump call was also a live possibility, given his honor distribution) and now, over South’s jump to four hearts, West might well have bid four spades and escaped with the loss of 500 points. Five diamonds would have cost only 200, but he chose to pass.

West then led the spade king, giving declarer some chances, as East contributed the six. It looked to South as though the club ace was surely wrong, so his contract would have to depend on finding West with the club queen. Just in case the cards did not cooperate, declarer went for the cunning approach. He won with the ace, drew trump, and followed with the spade four. West, caught unawares, played the seven. Now East was forced to overtake and try to cash his top diamonds. South ruffed, ran the spade jack, and now one of dummy’s clubs went away on the spades.

To set the game, West had to rise with his spade queen and find the club switch.

When the Open Teams of France and Portugal met in the 2010 European Championship, France squeaked home, but Portugal scored well on this board. In the Open Room, Herve Vinciguerra for France opened one club as dealer, and Eric Eisenberg responded one spade. West doubled and East bid two diamonds. South's two spades closed the auction, and declarer emerged safely enough with his partscore.

In the Closed Room, Portugal’s Juliano Barbosa opened one club, like his French counterpart. But here, Antonio Palma speculatively jumped to four spades on his seven-loser hand. West, Alain Levy, with the strongest hand at the table, doubled, and East, Paul Chemla, let it ride.

West led the heart king, which Palma won in dummy. He called for the spade nine and when this held, followed up with dummy’s second trump to his 10, West showing out. On the club five, Levy rose with his ace, then cashed a heart trick. Knowing from East’s carding that nothing more was available in that suit, West switched to a tricky diamond jack. Unfazed, Palma called for dummy’s queen, which held, then began his trump reduction by cashing the club king and ruffing a club. A diamond to the ace and a heart ruff in hand completed his trump reduction to bring him down to the same spade length as East.

Now Palma exited in diamonds, and regardless of the return, he was able to make both his ace and queen of trumps for plus 590.

Today’s problem poses a double challenge. Not only do you have to find the right defense, but you also have to try to protect your partner from finding the wrong play – and bear in mind that it sometimes seems that most of the players we associate with will find the wrong play even if no reasonable possibility of error exists at all.

You are East, defending three no-trump, after partner, who opened a weak two hearts, leads the heart king. Declarer wins with dummy’s ace and you have to make your first decision as to what to discard. Let’s say you pitch a small spade, and declarer now leads a low club from dummy. What should you do, and why?

The correct answer is that you should win the club queen and shift to diamonds – but specifically, you should play ace and another diamond. No other suit has any realistic chance of garnering the defenders enough tricks in time.

However, notice the effect of shifting to a low diamond initially, rather than playing the ace and a second diamond. If you do that, your partner might well cover South’s jack with the queen, setting up a second diamond stopper for declarer.

Since you need to find partner with the diamond queen, you might as well make sure that nothing bad happens should the cards lie as you project. Playing the ace and another diamond prevents partner from making a mistake, and thus saves you a few decades in limbo.

Ely Culbertson was credited with playing today's deal. Against his slam of six spades West cashed the heart ace, then shifted to the club 10. With 11 top tricks in view, Culbertson correctly decided that the diamond suit offered a better chance for the 12th than the straightforward club finesse. So he rose with the club ace and played six rounds of trump, discarding two clubs from table.

Next came the diamond ace-queen. When East proved to hold the diamond suit, declarer’s only hope was that East held the club king too. So Culbertson led out the spade nine and threw the club jack from the table. East, who had to discard from his diamond J-9 and the club king chose the latter. So Culbertson took the last two tricks with the club queen and diamond king.

This is a perfect example of the Vienna Coup, where declarer’s best play is to take the club ace early to avoid squeezing dummy on the run of the spade winners.

It could be argued that West’s shift to a club was naïve, since it forced declarer into the winning line. However, if West plays a trump at trick two, declarer might well ask why he had not shifted to a club. Would he be more likely to do so with the club king or without it Depending on just how good (or bad) a player West is, you might reasonably assume that he would never shift to a club if he had the king.

Today’s deal comes from a correspondent, more in sorrow than anger, who has asked me not to name him – or his errant partner. The opportunity for a “free finesse” seemed too good to miss for South on this deal. He had been given a far better chance of making our game than he deserved!

When West opened three clubs and East raised to five clubs, South should have doubled, after which North would have bid five hearts and might have struggled after a club lead.

But instead of doubling, South made the undisciplined bid of five hearts and everybody passed. West led the spade two and, rather naively, declarer tried dummy’s jack. He won East’s queen with the ace and drew trump; but there was no way for him to avoid the loss of a spade and two diamonds when the spades broke badly.

As North subsequently indicated, West had surely not made an opening lead from queen-third of spades. If you assume that the lead rates to be from shortage, the rest of the play is easy. You play low from dummy, win with the ace, ruff the two losing clubs in dummy while drawing trump, then get off lead with ace and another diamond. The defenders can take their two diamond tricks, but if West is left on lead, he has to concede a ruff and discard; and, if East wins the third diamond, he can do no better than lead a spade into dummy’s tenace.

North-South used the fact that this was rubber bridge to justify their exuberant bidding to six spades. A favorable lead seemed to give declarer good chances, but the bad heart break required South to play extremely well to justify his optimism.

After winning the trump lead in hand, declarer cashed the heart ace, crossed to dummy with a trump, and ruffed a low heart. Then he went to dummy with another trump and ruffed one more heart.

When West showed out, this appeared to put the final nail in the coffin for South’s contract. But declarer was quick to spot that he was still in business because East, who guarded the hearts, might well have at least two of the missing club honors. Declarer drew the last trump and followed with three rounds of diamonds, ending in dummy. This left him with three clubs in hand, and dummy with the king-jack of hearts and the club queen. Meanwhile East had to make a discard from the Q-10 of hearts and the club A-J.

Since a heart or the club jack would be immediately fatal, East made a good try by discarding his ace. But there was no joy — declarer followed with the club queen, pinning East’s jack. If West won, he could only lead a club into South’s 10-8 tenace. If West ducked, then the heart king would be South’s 12th trick. This is a fine example of the squeeze known as a “winkle.”

The Rueful Rabbit, who had recently taken up two-over-one game-forcing, was proud to show off his mastery of the methods. His two-club response was forcing to game, and he could rebid his clubs to show extras. When North removed three no-trump to four clubs, it was incumbent upon the Rabbit to cuebid four diamonds, but when he simply raised to game, North had no choice but to pass.

On the lead of the spade 10, North put down his dummy somewhat apprehensively and asked what contract they should have been in. The Rabbit said “six,” and dummy absentmindedly played the spade six! The stickler for the rules in the East seat insisted on the six being played, and the Rabbit did not feel inclined to argue.

Remarkably, though, from that point on the contract could not be defeated – since even if East could work out to discard and West shifts to a diamond, declarer simply wins and draws trumps, then crosses to the heart ace, plays the spade ace followed by the queen, and pitches two diamonds on these tricks. The loser-on-loser play gets rid of all of declarer’s diamonds.

However, if declarer takes the spade ace at the first trick, East will ruff and play on diamonds to leave declarer without recourse. If declarer covers with the spade queen at trick one, he will then have to read the position very well to come home with 11 tricks.